VI-Store: Towards Optimizing Blockchain-Oriented Verifiable Ledger Database

This paper addresses the challenges associated with storing large amounts of state data on a blockchain by proposing a scalable verifiable ledger database. The rise of digital cryptocurrencies has drawn attention to blockchain technology and its potential benefits in terms of data security, system stability, and trust facilitation. However, existing blockchain-oriented systems face limitations in terms of performance and verifiability. Similarly, traditional ledger databases lack the ability to ensure verifiability of state data. To overcome these challenges, the proposed system introduces a scalable verifiable independent architecture named VI-Store, an improved Merkle tree structure called MMB-tree for state data at the billion level. The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, MMB-tree outperforms traditional MBT and MPT index structures, and VI-Store is able to provide stable storage of billion-level state data over a 7*24 period. The findings suggest VI-Store can be used in real blockchain environments.