Unveiling Threats: A Comprehensive Taxonomy of Attacks in In-Vehicle Networks

Innovative automobiles are typically outfitted with numerous electrical and intelligent gadgets to offer users a better driving experience. Technological advancements have also raised severe safety and security issues despite their apparent advan-tages. This article summarizes the various attack surfaces of connected automobiles as they relate to technology advancements from the standpoint of the in-vehicle network. In particular, we described how attacks are launched through the physical interface using On-board Diagnostic (OBD-II) and USB ports and through the remote surface using various components such as ECU, sensors, infotainment system, Global Positioning Sys-tem (GPS), data centers, and cellular data. Given the importance of automobiles in terms of safety, more practical and effective efforts should be made within the connected vehicle network to secure linked vehicles and protect drivers and passengers.