Transfer Methods for Vehicle Carbon Emission Models Based on the Parallel Transportation System

Vehicle carbon emission models are essential for monitoring and managing transportation emissions. Considering the numerous vehicle types and diverse driving conditions, modeling each vehicle individually is not possible. A generalized carbon emission module (GCEM) is proposed to realize fast model transfer across both light-duty gasoline and heavy-duty diesel vehicles. It has five main components: normalized torque function, category-specified fuel consumption rate function, denormalized function, emission-standard correction, and fuel-specified conversion. GCEM estimates carbon emissions based on the engine bench results of a reference vehicle, avoiding time-consuming and costly experiments. By normalizing engine torque, the significant power disparities within the same vehicle category can be effectively addressed. Integrating GCEM within the parallel transportation system is a feasible solution for monitoring complex traffic emissions. Through comprehensive comparisons, GCEM demonstrates a superior generalized ability in this data-limited scenario than three baseline models, both for various test vehicles and diverse driving conditions. As real-world traffic is a typical data-limited scenario, GCEM is a promising and practical transfer method for estimating vehicle carbon emissions.