Blockchain based Trustful Spectrum Sensing and Sharing against SSDF attacks

The efficiency of the cognitive radio (CR) based spectrum sharing is crucial to improve the utilization of the limited radio spectrum resources. However, efficient use of the spectrum in CR relies on accurate spectrum sensing and trusted spectrum sharing when facing spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) from malicious secondary users. Current centralized schemes on this issue generally suffer from heavy communication overhead, long delay and single point failure; while decentralized schemes generally have problem of heavy energy consumption and computing overhead. In this paper, we propose a blockchain based spectrum sensing and trusted sharing (BSSTS) scheme against SSDF attacks, which includes an accuracy based spectrum sensing mechanism and a contribution based spectrum sharing mechanism. In the first mechanism, we form the accurate spectrum sensing problem into an optimization model, and solve the model with a genetic algorithm. Then, in the second mechanism, we propose a lightweight consensus to allocate the available channel slots to the secondary users based on their contributions in the sensing stage. The simulations are conducted to verify the performance of BSSTS. Compared with the benchmark schemes, BSSTS can increase the idle spectrum utilization by up to 20%, and decrease the times of interfering the primary user by up to 66%.