Joint Optimization of Internet of Things and Smart Grid for Energy Generation, Battery (Dis)charging, and Information Delivery

This article studies the potential of tightly coupling the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart grids for effective management of energy. A new approach is presented to minimize energy costs for IoT devices and edge servers, and reduce reliance on nonrenewable energy by diversifying power supply. Rechargeable batteries at end devices are considered for holistic energy management of the system. We jointly optimize the transmit powers and battery (dis)charging decisions of the devices, the receive beamformer of the edge servers, and the dynamic generation of different energy types. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) is applied to support distributed optimization of (dis)charging decisions at individual devices. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions are applied to deliver semi-closed-form power control of the devices. Simulations demonstrate significant improvement of the algorithm in renewable energy utilization and cost saving, compared to the existing techniques.