Load Flow Analysis and Optimization for Solar PV Integration in Power Systems

Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 emphasizes renewable energy to drive sustainable development, particularly leveraging solar power due to abundant sunshine. However, integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) systems into existing grids presents multifaceted challenges. Voltage regulation, power quality issues, and reverse power flow disruption due to solar intermittency demand effective management strategies. Challenges, including voltage fluctuations, power quality issues, reverse power flow disruptions, and solutions like energy storage, advanced inverter control, demand response, and grid modernization, are explored to mitigate these challenges. A literature review and methodologies are presented, including PV generator modeling and power flow calculations. The proposed methodology is validated through case studies and a simulation based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 30-Bus System, showcasing differences in voltage and angle outputs across nodes with integrated PV generators.