Effects of Generator Order and Excitation Systems on Voltage Control

Instability in voltage can have detrimental. Therefore, controlling voltage is essential to ensure stability of power system. This can be realised by employing an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). Two AVR models are described; – one with a simplified excitation system and the other with a Type AC5A excitation system to study their effects on first-order and fourth-order generator systems. From the uncompensated system’s result, the AVR with Type AC5A excitation system is selected due to its lower maximum overshoot and steady state error. To enhance the chosen system’s performance, a rule-based tuning method and a metaheuristic algorithm namely the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) respectively are used for PID controller design, facilitating a comparative assessment of their suitability for the models considered. In accordance to the compensated system, the modified ZN-PID would be appropriate for first order generator system while GA-PID for both lower and higher order generator systems.