An Empirical Review of Security Models Used for Issuing Tamper Proof Certificates for Authentic Credentials

The issuance of Tamper-Proof Certificates for Authentic Credentials is a cornerstone for establishing trust in various domains, including academia, government, and industry. Despite the pivotal role these certificates play, there is limited consensus on the most secure, cost-effective, and scalable models for their issuance. An empirical review of existing security models used for generating and distributing these critical assets. This study employs a multi-dimensional evaluation framework, focusing on four key metrics: security robustness, deployment cost, operational complexity, and scalability. The analysis not only encompasses traditional methods but also examines emerging technologies like blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Proofs. After a rigorous evaluation, there are strengths and weaknesses for each model, providing a comprehensive comparison. The findings reveal that while no single model excels in all metrics, certain approaches offer a more balanced trade-off among the evaluated criteria. In conclusion by offering well-grounded recommendations on which methods are superior when considering individual and combined metrics, thus providing invaluable insights for stakeholders in making informed decisions for implementing tamper-proof certificate issuance systems.