Emerging QoS Strategies: A Comprehensive Overview of Clustering Techniques in IoT-Equipped WSNS

The Internet of Things (IoT) with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a collection of mechanical nodes known as sensors and actuators. The actuators and sensors are connected to each other with restricted battery life. Sensor networks begin to deplete their energy after installation through various activities such as detection, transmission, and aggregation during the transmission of data. Several energy-efficient solutions were developed to extend the lifespan of networks. One of the solutions to this problem is Clustering that plays a crucial function in reducing transmission energy needs. One of the key challenges with large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) is the lack of an efficient routing protocol that can manage thousands of devices while also providing a low-power forwarding mechanism for massive amounts of data. The present paper discuss approaches and protocols are used by various clustering algorithms like Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed (HEED), Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FFOA) etc. The paper proposes the need for an efficient routing protocol to manage thousands of devices with low power forwarding mechanisms on a big scale.