Assessing the Sustainability of Transportation Electrification in India

The transportation sector contributes to one-fourth of global energy use and a fifth of carbon emissions (13% for India). Decarbonizing is more challenging than other industries due to high marginal abatement costs, heavy reliance on fossil fuels, infrastructural challenges for low-carbon pathways, etc. Integrated systems energy modeling is a comprehensive approach that analyses the interconnectedness of various energy systems to assess their combined impact on energy consumption, emissions, and overall sustainability. Considering multiple sectors like transportation, power generation, and distribution helps formulate holistic strategies for a more efficient, low-carbon energy future. This study investigates the potential for modeling integrated energy systems to expedite India’s transition to sustainable mobility. By leveraging India’s copious renewable energy resources to support low-carbon transport, early adoption of innovative technologies and infrastructure is possible, positioning India as a leader in sustainable mobility. By promoting a paradigm shift towards “zero carbon emission” transportation, spearheaded by the widespread adoption of electric vehicles and other low-carbon fuels, India can effectively address critical issues related to energy security, reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, lower its import bill, and combat the urgent environmental crisis. This work intends to aid in strategic planning for EV charging stations, managing electricity demand during peak hours, maximizing the use of renewable energy, and balancing the grid with increased electricity consumption. The integrated energy system model facilitates the economic and environmental impact assessments, supports technological integration like Vehicle-to-grid systems, and enables the formulation of supportive policies for the uptake of EVs and sustainable transport solutions. The study aims to offer helpful information to researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers to hasten India’s transition to a greener and more sustainable transportation ecosystem.