IoT based PID Closed Loop Control System for Baby Incubators

This study aims to help control and monitor temperature conditions in infant incubators to remain stable. The control method used in this study is PID, and the system was developed with the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) so that it can be controlled remotely via an Internet network. This system has several main components: temperature sensor, microcontroller, Wi-Fi module, and server. The temperature sensor measures the temperature inside the incubator, and the data is forwarded to the microcontroller. Then, the microcontroller uses the PID control method to adjust the temperature in the incubator by measuring the difference between the actual temperature in the incubator and the desired set point. The result of this difference becomes an input to the PID. Temperature data and control status are then sent to the server via the Wi-Fi module using the MQTT protocol to be displayed on the web application. Tests were carried out on infant incubators and showed that this temperature control system maintained the incubator temperature properly and provided stable and accurate results. The system response error value is 2.35% with PID, while without PID, the system response error value is 11.76%. In addition, this system also provides convenience in controlling and monitoring incubator temperature via the internet network using a web application with a responsive display.