Radiation Level Calcualtion and Energy Conversion Ratio Finding in Hybrid PV System

Technological developments in energy production and use are crucial to the shift to a future with fewer emissions and better health. Vehicle technology is impacted by a number of variables, including pollution-induced climate change, stricter environmental rules for autos, depletion of petrol and diesel supplies, and price volatility for transit systems. One of the most notable possibilities for clean automobile technology is the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). This research explores several HEV designs and approaches, clarifying development guidelines and ways to enhance control algorithms. We also look at the various battery-powered drives that HEVs employ. Performance is the main area of study since control methods are essential to improving the fuel economy and lowering pollutants of hybrid engine systems.