A State-of-the-Art Survey on Full-Duplex Network Design

Full-duplex (FD) technology is gaining popularity for integration into a wide range of wireless networks due to its demonstrated potential in recent studies. In contrast to half-duplex (HD) technology, the implementation of FD in networks necessitates considering internode interference (INI) from various network perspectives. When deploying FD technology in networks, several critical factors must be taken into account. These include self-interference (SI) and the requisite SI cancellation (SIC) processes, as well as the selection of multiple user equipment (UE) per time slot. In addition, INI, including cross-link interference (CLI) and intercell interference (ICI), becomes a crucial issue during concurrent uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmission and reception, similar to SI. Since most INIs are challenging to eliminate, a comprehensive investigation that covers radio resource control (RRC), medium access control (MAC), and the physical (PHY) layer is essential in the context of FD network design, rather than focusing on individual network layers and types. This article covers state-of-the-art studies, including protocols and documents from the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) for FD, MAC protocol, user scheduling, and CLI handling. The methods are also compared through a network-level system simulation based on 3-D ray tracing.