Strengthening Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) against Black Hole Attacks using Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm and Trust Based Reputation

The rapid evolution of digital technology and its integration into networked systems, especially vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), has escalated concerns about cybersecurity. The potential ramifications of cyber-attacks on these networks are profound, ranging from traffic disruptions to serious threats to human safety. This research highlights the significant vulnerabilities inherent in VANETs, essential to modern transportation infrastructure. The paper focuses on developing robust security strategies and countermeasures to prevent unauthorized network access and to facilitate prompt detection and mitigation of cyber threats in VANETs.