Adaptive Learning Systems: A Comprehensive Overview and Identification of Challenges

This paper examines the challenges of adaptive learning through an in-depth analysis of 16 literature reviews covering the period from 2018 to 2023. It explores different components of adaptive learning systems, highlighting specific challenges related to learner modeling, content design, adaptive technologies and research methodology. Through a detailed examination of these challenges, the article puts forth theoretical and practical solutions. The findings provide valuable insights for the advancement of adaptive learning, offering guidance to enhance learning effectiveness.