Design and Optimization of a Multiband Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Sub 10-GHz Applications

As wireless technology continues to experience exponential growth, the significance of antennas capable of resonating at multiple frequency bands has grown substantially. To address these increasing demands, reconfigurable antennas have emerged as the optimal solution. This study presents a novel method for designing and exploring a compact, planar antenna with adjustable frequencies. The antenna employs a Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. This design produces multiple frequency bands with wider bandwidths. The proposed antenna operates in both multi-band and single-band modes, determined by the states of diode-Radio Frequency Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (RF PIN) switches. Thorough simulations and validation against measurements analyze antenna parameters such as Gain, radiation pattern, current distribution, and return loss. The fabricated antenna functions within a sub-10 GHz frequency range. The antenna's structure results in improved radiation efficiency across all resonating conditions and significantly higher gain, ranging from 1.27 to 5.81, compared to existing state-of-the-art designs. The reconfigurable antenna's design showcases significant simulated results. Its capabilities cover crucial frequency points such as Wi-Fi, 5G, Vo5G, and the C band. Furthermore, this design is well-suited for incorporation into contemporary portable communication devices.