Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite Networks: A New Era in Global Communication

Global communication paradigms have undergone a dramatic transition with the introduction of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the architectural and technical developments in low-orbit satellite constellations that allow high-speed, low-latency, and globally accessible communication systems. Real-time applications that were previously hindered by latency are made possible by LEO networks, which use the lower orbital altitudes to make significant improvements in signal transmission times when compared to typical geostationary satellites. The study explores the complex network topologies that provide smooth worldwide coverage, including ground station interconnection and handover techniques. Insights into these networks' capacity to provide ubiquitous internet access to underserved and rural areas are provided by a further analysis of their influence on closing the digital divide. Furthermore, the study assesses the difficulties in deploying low-orbit satellites (LEO) and suggests strategic frameworks for long-term operation. These obstacles include spectrum management and orbital debris mitigation. This research emphasizes the significance of LEO networks in promoting global development and effective disaster response while also extending the socio-economic ramifications of their extensive deployment. The study makes the claim that LEO satellite networks have the potential to completely transform international communication in the future by synthesizing existing research and new trends.