Novel PID Controller-Based Passive Cell Balancing for BMS

The limited reserves of fossil fuels and also the environment-pollution effect of these fuel-based vehicles have led to drawing focus on environment-friendly Electric Vehicles (EVs). EVs run primarily on batteries and have negligible exhaust gas emissions. Nowadays, mostly Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are utilized in EVs. The protection of these batteries is provided by a smart system incorporated along with it called the Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS manages the charging and discharging of cells, State of Charge (SoC) and voltage levels, its temperature rise during operations, and faulty conditions. The SoC and voltage levels of the cells are managed by the Cell Balancing operation of BMS. Passive cell Balancing and Active Cell Balancing are the widely adopted schemes, of which Passive Cell Balancing (PCB) is effective for low-power utilizations. This work employs a novel Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in the BMS for PCB. Execution is done in MATLAB Simulink and the results achieved exhibit incredible precision in balancing performance against the traditional approach. The time required for balancing has also decreased significantly. Thus, the proposed scheme has proved to be incredibly successful for cell balancing in EVs and enhancing their mileage.