A dual human performance strategy: error management and defense-in-depth

One of INPO's strategic objectives is to minimize the frequency and severity of events. Error management, a traditional approach for human performance, is only one part of an effective management strategy. While error rate tends to drive event frequency, event severity is a function of defenses. Defenses are necessary to protect the plant from the hazard of human error. In addition to error management, an effective strategy emphasizes defense-in-depth through organizational processes and values and leadership to counter the effects of error that could lead to events. Sustained high levels of performance, safety, and reliability are dependent on both the rigorous application of error prevention techniques and the integrity of defenses-in-depth.