Design an Enhanced Passive Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) for 1U CubeSat

This paper delves into the pivotal domain of CubeSat Attitude Determination and Control Systems (ADCS) with a focus on passive control strategies. CubeSats have revolutionized space exploration but face challenges in attaining and maintaining stable orientations. The paper begins by elucidating the significance of ADCS in satellite stability and its evolution from simple systems to sophisticated technology. It outlines a prevalent issue in CubeSat ADCS, prompting the need for enhanced passive control strategies. While discussing common strategies, it acknowledges their inherent limitations. The study involves both theoretical analysis and MATLAB-based simulations to explore design parameters, such as mass and magnetic system applications, particularly permanent magnets and hysteresis dampers. The simulation results became stable in 110 minutes, and this stability was achieved faster than the results from UiTMSAT-1, which required 120 minutes. In this comparison, it's worth noting that the simulation used 6 permanent magnets and 6 hysteresis dampers, while UiTMSAT-1 utilized 16 permanent magnets and 2 hysteresis dampers. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research, including the incorporation of hysteresis dampers and optimizing permanent magnet configurations, thus contributing to more efficient and reliable CubeSat missions. This research advances our understanding of CubeSat ADCS passive systems and their potential for significant improvements in space exploration.