Can Flow Batteries Finally Beat Lithium?: Nanoparticles may boost energy density enough for EVs

As she drives her electric vehicle to her mother's house, Monique's battery gauge indicates that it's time to reenergize. She stops at a charging station, taps her credit card at the pump, inserts a nozzle into the car, and in 5 minutes exchanges 400 liters of spent nanofluid for fresher stuff. As she waits, a tanker pulls up to refill the station itself by exchanging tens of thousands of liters of charged fuel for spent fuel. Monique closes her EV's fueling port and heads onto the highway with enough stored energy to drive 640 kilometers (400 miles).