Hardware Circuits and Systems Design for Post-Quantum Cryptography—A Tutorial Brief

Due to the increasing threats from possible large-scale quantum computers, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has drawn significant attention from various communities recently. In particular, along with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PQC standardization process, more works have gradually switched to the PQC hardware implementations. Following this trend, this tutorial brief, led by a group of experts in the field, aims to deliver a comprehensive tutorial on hardware circuits and systems design for PQC. After introducing primary arithmetic operations and algorithmic features of different PQC, we introduced related PQC hardware circuits and systems design techniques (from component to system levels). Future research and directions are also provided. This tutorial will provide useful information for the TCAS-II community and the broader Circuits and Systems Society.