Residential Energy Management System to Reduce Electricity Costs Considering the Lifespan of Energy Storage and Electric Vehicle Batteries

Energy management systems within residences have become a necessity for modern homes due to the shift in automotive technology from cars that utilize internal combustion engines(ICE) to electric vehicle (EV) in order to mitigate the emission of carbon dioxide, a significant contributor to global warming. This shift has significantly impacted the amount of electrical energy consumed in residences due to the substantial capacity of EV batteries in comparison to other categories of household appliances, leading to a substantial increase in electricity costs and affecting the grid system. Therefore, energy management systems have been proposed to help reduce electricity costs for EV users’ homes. Various studies have proposed different methods for appropriately managing energy. This research proposes a residential energy management system integrating EV, photovoltaic (PV) systems, energy storage systems (ESS), and the grid system aimed to reduce electricity costs while considering the lifespan of ESS and EV batteries. Techniques for electricity calculation based on time-of-use (TOU) rates and vehicle-to-home (V2H) principles have been employed in this research to minimize reliance on the grid system. Battery life extension is determined by the relationship between the battery cycle and deep discharge (DOD). Linear Programming algorithms are utilized for the proposed system, in conjunction with MATLAB & Simulink programs, to simulate the operation of the proposed system. The research results indicate that the proposed system can reduce electricity costs by 22.40% compared to not using an EMS system. Additionally, it can increase the cycle of ESS and EV batteries by 73.9% and 53.1% respectively.