Evaluating MPPT Techniques: Optimizing Photovoltaic Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions

In the burgeoning domain of renewable energy, photovoltaic (PV) systems have emerged as frontrunners, celebrated for their environmental sustainability and operational efficiency. Nevertheless, their performance could be more impervious to environmental vagaries, with partial shading presenting a formidable challenge. This study compares three Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques: Incremental Conductance (IC), Perturb and Observe (PO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Executing rigorous tests under consistent conditions, we aim to discern the most effective control method for PV systems navigating the complexities of partial shading. By delving into the nuances of this phenomenon, we endeavour to understand its ramifications and develop mitigative strategies. Our comprehensive study reveals that, under partial shading conditions, the PSO technique demonstrated robustness and efficiency in tracking the global maximum power point (GMPP), making it a superior choice for optimizing PV system performance in partially shaded environments. This research aims to enhance the resilience, efficiency, and lifespan of PV systems confronted with partial shading, offering invaluable insights for academic and industrial communities.