A Comprehensive Review in DC microgrids: Topologies, Controls and Future Trends

Microgrids are an emerging technology that maximizes the use of renewable energy sources (RES). Unlike AC microgrids, a DC microgrids do not need to consider the reactive power, frequency, etc. In addition, most RESs and energy storage system (ESS) have DC nature, which can be linked to the DC microgrid without energy conversion process, thereby reducing energy losses. Hence, the DC microgrids are receiving more attentions. This article presents a comprehensive review on the control methods and topologies for the DC microgrids. First, five topologies and equivalent structure diagrams are presented and discussed. Then, a hierarchical control encompassing primary, secondary and tertiary control is discussed and studied in detail. Finally, a future trends and challenges of DC microgrids are presented based on the literature review.