Design and Analysis of Spanner shaped Patch Antenna for Ka Band

Ka-band is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum used for various communication and technology applications. It refers to the range of radio frequencies within the microwave band, specifically spanning from approximately 26.5 to 40 gigahertz (GHz). This frequency range is higher than the more commonly known C-band and Ku-band. This Ka band is mainly used in Satellite Communication, Radar Systems, Terrestrial point to point communication etc. While Ka-band offers advantages in terms of data capacity and speed, it also has limitations, such as reduced propagation distance due to higher atmospheric absorption and susceptibility to rain fade (signal degradation in heavy rain). Therefore, its use is often optimized for specific applications where its characteristics align with the requirements of the communication or sensing systems. A spanner-shaped patch antenna is a type of microstrip antenna that is designed in the shape of a spanner or wrench. This distinctive shape serves both functional and aesthetic purposes. This antenna shape can be used in various applications, including wireless communication systems and radio frequency (RF) devices. In this work the spanner shaped microstrip patch antenna is designed for Satellite communication application. In this research work Spanner shaped patch antenna which is designed at 10GHz using FR-4 Substrate. The performance of the antenna was analyzed with FEKO. The Simulated results shown in Spanner shaped patch antenna which is designed using FR-4 Substrate having Gain 4.12dB, directivity 5.587dB, Reflection coefficient 0.009dB, VSWR 1.06. Mainly it is used in satellite communication systems. They can be integrated into satellite payloads to transmit and receive signals at 10 GHz frequencies, which are commonly used for uplink and downlink communication with satellites in geostationary or low Earth orbits.