Defect Recognition on Single Layer Bare Printed Circuit Boards for Quality Control and Visual Inspection: A Low-Sample-Size Deep Transfer Learning Approach

Defect detection is a critical component in ensuring the highest quality of printed circuit board manufacture. The work investigates the application of transfer learning to identify YOLOv8 design flaws. The YOLOv8 model performs exceptionally well, with mean Average Precision (mAP) of 98.3%, Precision of 98.6%, and Recall of 96.0%. Numerous datasets provide high detection rates across a range of fault types following thorough testing and inference. This extensive evaluation demonstrates the robustness of the model by reliably identifying Fissure, Mousebite, EC-Short, MC-Spur, Breakout, Pinhole, and Copper defects. The study emphasizes how the YOLOv8 design can identify flaws, providing a dependable and effective way to guarantee the dependability and caliber of printed circuit boards throughout the production process. The foundation for utilizing YOLOv8 in industrial quality control is established by this study, which holds significant potential for improving defect detection and quality control in the manufacturing industry.