Challenges, Solutions and Future Trends in EV-Technology: A Review

The transportation industry is one of the greatest contributors to a growing carbon footprint. As the world increasingly prioritizes a greener and cleaner future, the transition from ICEs to EVS offers significant benefits as EVs are zero-emission vehicles. However, considering the production and disposal stages of EVs, they cannot be considered entirely emission-free. But in comparison to ICEs, they still have a much smaller carbon footprint. Moreover, studying EV technology is essential to bringing this to the lowest possible extent. However, these advancements come with challenges. In this review article, we have taken an in-depth look into the various challenges, namely the economic challenges, technological challenges, and environmental challenges, faced by EV technology today and the various solutions proposed by researchers, their limitations, and future potential in EV technology advancement. Within this context, we discuss the influence of governmental policies, accessibility and affordability of EVs to the masses, natural and man-made disasters, economic instability, technological limitations posed by the vehicle technology, and limitations posed by battery technology with batteries being the central element for EVs, limitations associated with the existing infrastructure and its ability to support widescale use of EVs, and environmental factors like carbon footprint, among other factors, on EVs technology and the opportunities this technology can make use of in the future. This paper discusses these concerns in detail and gives extensive insight into the challenges, solutions, and future trends pertaining to economic impacts, vehicle technology, battery technology, power grids and charging infrastructure, and environmental impact, of EVs and EV technology.