A Design Thinking Approach of Metaheuristic Empowerment for Energy-Efficient and Optimized Routing protocol in IoT-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks

This research focuses on energy-efficient routing in WSNs within IoT contexts, comparing established protocols like SEP, HEED, TEEN with the proposed SEP-ACO protocol. By strategically selecting cluster heads based on residual energy, these protocols optimize energy usage, enhancing data collection and transmission. Experimental evaluations highlight SEP-ACO's superior performance, showcasing improved packet delivery ratios and reduced energy consumption compared to existing approaches. This work emphasizes the significance of energy-efficient routing for extending WSNs' operational lifetime in emerging IoT-enabled environments, contributing to IoT and sensor technology advancements.