Analysis of Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor with Regenerative Braking for an Electric Vehicle

In this paper, a meticulous MATLAB-based modeling of an electric vehicle (EV) has been performed with a suitable selection of its subsystems to achieve a more reliable and robust induction motor-based drive system. Various dynamics of EVs have been analyzed based on practical driving experiences to achieve the desired speed and torque results. A hysteresis band-based Direct Torque Control (DTC) system has been implemented that generates switching pulses for a three-phase inverter powered by the lithium-ion battery pack. DTC is a simple control technique of Induction motors (IM) that allows us to enhance its transient response with greater torque accuracy by directly controlling its torque and flux parameters without complex coordinate transformations. DTC seamlessly integrates with the regenerative braking systems of EVs that enable energy recovery during deceleration, thus extending the vehicle’s range and overall drive efficiency. The regenerative braking system, along with the four-quadrant operation of the IM has been validated by the results of this model by comparing battery state of charge (SOC) with speed, torque, and power requirements.