Latency-Minimized Computation Offloading in Vehicle Fog Computing with Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm

Fog computing provides lower latency and higher bandwidth compared to cloud computing and is widely used in Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Vehicles cannot compute all tasks locally due to their limited computing power and battery capacity. Thus, it is a useful way to offload some tasks of vehicles to other resource-rich servers. However, due to the high mobility of vehicles, there may be a failure of returning computing results. Thus, it is a challenge to minimize the latency of tasks while meeting the constraint of energy consumption. This work proposes a vehicle-fog offloading system that offloads tasks to fog servers or idle vehicles which is a probabilistic offloading problem. So this work proposes an improved optimization algorithm called an adaptive Lévy flight-based Whale optimization algorithm with Hierarchical learning (LWH) to solve this problem. Simulation experiments show that LWH has strong global search capability and outperforms its five typical and widely used algorithms.