Advancements, Challenges, and Outlook of Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles: Review Study

The increasing demand for sustainable transportation has led to the development of alternative fuel vehicles, including Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEVs), In this paper, we examine recent developments of Fuel Cell (FC) technologies from the perspective of the automobile industry. The current status of FCEV technology, types, policies, and market prospect is reviewed, and the bottlenecks hindering commercialization of FCEVs are discussed. We also compile lists the components of energy generation/storage systems and their distinguishing characteristics, alongside detailed reflection of FCEV technology versus other vehicle technologies. Furthermore, we explore sustainability factors that impact the overall future outlook of FCEVs.