Design of Signal Enhancing Multiband Antenna Using the Second Iteration of Sierpinski-Shaped Fractal for GSM/GPS/RFID Applications

This study presents a novel multiband antenna design operating at three frequencies (900 MHz for GSM, 1.57542 GHz for GPS, and 2.45 GHz for RFID). Utilizing the Second Iteration of Sierpinski Hexagonal shape fractal, the antenna was designed and simulated using CST software. The designed antenna was fabricated using two different materials: FR-4 substrate and copper sticker with a plastic base. The antenna with FR-4 substrate was integrated to a tracking module to confirm its functionality for the GSM and GPS band, the results exhibit lower delays and higher signal strength compared to the module without the antenna (conventional). The sticker antenna is fabricated as with and without ground, thus tested with different setups in an intermittent location, demonstrating its signal enhancing feature for the GSM band by affixing it to a mobile phone, and functionality for the GSM and GPS band by comparing its performance to the tracking module with the integrated FR-4 antenna. Moreover, the antenna successfully functions as a RFID reader, detecting and communicating with RFID tags within predetermined ranges in multiple directions. Statistical analysis validated the antenna’s performance and effectiveness. These findings contribute to the advancement of tracking antenna technology, providing an efficient solution for object tracking.