The Technological Trajectory of LEO Satellites: Perspectives From Main Path Analysis

In this article, we explore the growth potential and advancements in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite technology. To establish a strong position, business strategists must understand key industry players and communication channels. Drawing from this need, this study conducts a systematic and quantitative analysis to shed light on pivotal technologies and their numerous applications. We analyzed U.S. patents related to LEO satellite technology from 1980 to 2022 using main path analysis (MPA) to uncover the evolutionary trajectory and the associated actors. MPA results reveal technological trajectories and key players in different development phases. The last phase shows that Iridium NEXT brings more opportunities for satellite communication. Our analysis infers four trends. First, the first Iridium satellite program facilitated the maturity of LEO satellite communications. Second, advanced applications are transcending geographical barriers. Third, company mergers and acquisitions help the industry grow and represent an attempt to integrate LEO satellite communications into services or products. Fourth, “technology implementers” will play a larger role at the forefront in the next stage of LEO satellite development, driving the subsequent phase of LEO satellite evolution. Based on the research findings, this study offers managerial suggestions and practical implications to firms for strategically positioning.