Interactive relay controlled power system modeling

Four fundamental algorithms that make it possible to simulate numerous types of protective relay systems are identified. The characteristics of these fundamental modules necessary for building an embedded relay model within an EMTP (electromagnetic transient program) are discussed. A directional time overcurrent relay model is used to provide a detailed demonstration of relay model development and to illustrate the utilization of the fundamental modules. The results of using this relay model in a modeled power system reveal the power of this concept to enhance power systems education, applications engineering, and relay design procedures.<>