Techno-Economic Analysis of 5G Network Using Open RAN Technology at 2.3 GHz Frequency for Dense Urban

The city of Jakarta, including its 146.66 square kilometer South Jakarta district that serves as the administrative center, is preparing for the launch of 5G technology. This study aims to design a 5G New Radio (NR) network operating at 2.3 GHz with a 100 MHz bandwidth. The goal is to estimate the required gNodeB units that telecommunications operators must deploy to provide 5G services, leveraging existing 4G infrastructure. Network capacity projections for 2025 are used to calculate the gNodeB units needed. The findings demonstrate that implementing an Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) for 5G necessitates a total of 389 gNodeB units. The Open RAN architecture also requires 9 Centralized Units (CU) and 130 Distributed Units (DU) to meet capacity demands. Open RAN can effectively utilize the 389 gNodeB units by dividing the Baseband Unit (BBU) function, thus providing the necessary midhaul and backhaul connectivity. Compared to a traditional RAN, Open RAN delivers these capabilities with a 38.30% reduction in Capital Expenditures (CAPEX). In summary, Open RAN's centralized, cloud-based architecture unlocks 5G network scalability in Jakarta in a cost-effective manner.