Environmentally friendly solar energy: potential of utilizing field margins in rural areas for photovoltaic systems in combination with wildflower strips

This study assesses the economic potential of using field margins and wildflower strips in rural northwest Lower Saxony, Germany, for eco-friendly solar energy generation. Field margins, located at the edges of farmland, serve as buffers between crops and surrounding ecosystems and can promote biodiversity by using as wildflower strips. By integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems within these field margins, the study aims to investigate clean electricity production while preserving ecological balance. To estimate the potential of grid-connected field margin PV (FMPV), the paper considers regulatory, technical, and economic factors. Using geographic data, suitable areas are identified. The study assesses regulatory influence on FMPV operations and evaluates grid connection points' availability for economic analysis. Results show that 19,378 km of field margins are potentially suitable for grid-connected FMPV, implying an electricity generation potential of 23.6 TWh/a. However, compatible margins constitute just 15.5 % of existing field margins. The combination of wildflower strips and grid-connected FMPV provides an innovative energy approach in rural areas, however, this study highlights high grid connection costs. Offgrid photovoltaic systems seem more practical. Prioritizing off-grid systems for on-site electricity utilization and exploring affordable alternatives are essential for enhancing the economic viability of FMPV systems in rural areas.