Optimal Participation of Electric Vehicle Aggregators in Real-Time Energy Market

Electric vehicle (EV) aggregator acts as a middleman between EVs and power company, participating in multiple electricity markets to pursue profit. This paper aims to research the coordinated optimization bidding model of several EV aggregators in RT energy market. First, the cooperation among several EV aggregators can achieve better schedules under the current penalty mechanism for extra power deviation. Second, a more economic bidding strategy can be further realized by peak shifting and valley filling. Finally, the contrastive analysis of EV aggregators’ schedules in the proposed model and other models is carried out. The results show EVs power schedule in the proposed model realizes the balance of the above two cooperation objectives.