Analysis of Various Security Threats and Defence Mechanisms for the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs)

The emergence of a vehicular ad-hoc network in the field of transportation systems offers various advantages to the users. The vehicular network aims to provide users with a secure, efficient, and trouble-free experience. A vehicular network is a network of moving vehicles connected via wireless technology to communicate vital information. Security and privacy of users and communication systems are the foremost challenges while deploying the vehicular network. Intruders try to exploit the vulnerabilities of the vehicular network to gain some profit or disturb the network's functioning. This paper analyzed various security concerns and possible attacks in VANET. We also analyzed and compared various security solutions provided by various authors regarding effectiveness, merits, and demerits. On the basis of four performance parameters, including packet delivery ratio, throughput, routing load, and end-to-end delay, we last provided the performance comparison of AODV routing protocols on VANET with and without the existence of a Black-hole attack using a network simulator (NS-2). The outcome of the simulation demonstrates that the black-hole attack reduces network performance.