An Energy Efficient Node-Disjoint Path Selection Scheme for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

A new communication paradigm is necessary for efficient utilization of existing radio spectrums as bandwidths are limited and spectrum consumptions are inefficient. Sensor nodes in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs) can measure and provide accurate information at various network locations. Routing information in CRSNs are challenging issues due to their complicated topologies, sporadic connections, spectrum variations and limitations in energy. Additionally, channel stability, path dependability, and route discovery frequency should be used. Because they focus more on one feature than any other, the current routing algorithms do not satisfy all throughput, energy efficiency, and resilience criteria. Increasing the network lifetime is a goal of many routing systems, which results in the selection of optimal routing pathways. The nodes that are located along this optimal path have a greater amount of their energy consumed, which results in their premature demise. Distributing traffic among numerous paths rather than along a single path that is deemed to be best is one way that multipath routing methods extend the lifetime of WSNs. In this work, Node Grade Factor (NGF) based node-disjoint multipath routing protocol (NGFMR) is proposed for energy efficiencies during selections of disjoint node paths. When selecting a path, QoS criteria like Distance to SINK, spectrum availability, communication cost, and node latency are taken into consideration. This helps to ensure that there are no path interferences between the nodes and loads are effectively distributed amongst different paths using discontinuous path routes that assist in enhancing network's QoS. The results of this study's simulations demonstrate that the proposed NGFMR performs significantly better than other standard protocols when compared for values of network throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), energy consumptions, and end-to-end delays.