Impact Assessment Framework for Grid Integration of Energy Storage Systems and Renewable Energy Sources Toward Clean Energy Transition

This paper proposes a two-stage decision-making tool to assess the impacts of energy storage systems (ESSs) and offshore wind farms (OSW) integration in the power grid. To quantify the potential impacts, various key performance indicators (KPIs) are incorporated. These KPIs gage the environmental, technical, and economical attributes of the integrated system. The proposed framework uses a unit commitment (UC) mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Two case studies (one for New Jersey and one for New York) are examined with clean power transition targets. The uncertainties of the net-load and power generation from renewable energy sources (RESs) are characterized by Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) models. These models are fine-tuned using the base forecasts generated using our in-house load forecasting tool and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) publicly available generation calculator. The results show that ESS installations almost always improve the performance of the grid, regardless of the location and configuration. Furthermore, the unequally distributed ESS installations show better impacts than standalone centralized ESSs; and the mixed ESS technologies outperform single-type ESS deployments.