Simultaneous Placement of Multiple Rooftop Solar PV Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations for Reliability Benefits

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are known to be future mode of transportation because of their environment-friendly nature. The increase in electric vehicle (EV) penetration needs to set up the new charging stations to meet the demand. The EV charging shows the negative impact on distribution system and system failures lead to the unavailability of power to charge EVs. The EVs not charging due to system failure is to be considered but ignored in the previous studies. Incorporating the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technologies into charging station (CS) improves the system reliability. In this paper, solar rooftop PV units are integrated with CSs to overcome the negative impacts of EV charging and further enhance the reliability of the system. To extracts the maximum benefits from the solar PV integrated charging stations (PVCS), optimal placement is done with objective of reliability improvement. EV reliability is evaluated by using a novel index called as expected energy not charged (EENC). The reliability of both distribution system and EVs are considered as objective functions simultaneously, hence, placement problem becomes multi-objective. The optimal placement is done by considering different EV penetration levels. A multi-objective Grasshopper optimization algorithm (MOGOA) is applied to solve the optimal placement problem of PVCS. The EENS value is improved by 6.18% and 13.9% as compared to base case for case 1 and case 2 respectively. The EENC is improved by 11.51% in case 2 as compared to case 1.