Background Material Effect on a Proposed Rectangular Photonic Crystal Fiber (R-PCF) Sensor Performance

This paper presents a study of the effect of the background material on the performance of a proposed rectangular porous-core photon crystal fiber (R-PCF) sensor. The R-PCF sensor under investigation comprises 28 identical rectangles in the core and 6 rectangles within the cladding area. The study is introduced for frequencies between 0.5 and 1.5 THz, using various background materials such as fused silica, PMMA, polycarbonate, BK7 glass, FS2 glass, and ZEONEX. The performance of this R-PCF can be improved by employing various background materials. The R-PCF sensor is analyzed using the COMSOL simulator, and the most efficient background material is determined by analyzing both the efficiency and the features of light propagation. The results show that Fused silica has the lowest dispersion value of 0.2347 and FS2 glass achieves the highest power fraction (PF %) of 79.92% at 1.3 THz. The other optical metrics, such as birefringence and numerical aperture (NA), are also superior for FS2 glass. Fused silica and polycarbonate can be chosen as the best background materials because of the highest PF %, lower CL, lower EML values, and intermediate values for the other optical metrics. This proposed R-PCF topology sensor can be utilized for chemical, gas, and biomedical applications.