Measurements and Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Propagation From In-Station to Out-Station in High-Speed Railway Between Train and Trackside

Train stations, as one of the most significant buildings on a high-speed railway (HSR), have been rarely studied for their millimeter-wave (mmWave) propagation characteristics. This paper presents the first 41 GHz mmWave band channel measurements on a HSR closed station at ultra-high speeds (up to 288 km/h). Multi-dimensional channel measurement data at different azimuth angles and speeds from inside to outside the station are obtained. It is found that the received signal strength indication (RSSI) experiences a significant attenuation caused by the influence of the station gate. In combination with the Saleh-Valenzuela (SV) model, an improved time delay clustering algorithm is used to cluster the power delay profile (PDP). According to the clustering results, parameters such as inter-cluster duration, cluster arrival rate, and intra-cluster delay spread are obtained. Most of the large- and small-scale fading characteristics, including path loss, shadow fading, PDP, angle spread, small-scale fading characteristic quantity, small-scale amplitude fading, and Rician
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factor are investigated. The measurement and modeling results fill the gaps of channel measurements in closed HSR station scenarios and provide valuable suggestions for the design and modelling of HSR station communication systems.