IoT- Based Cattle Environment and Wellness Monitoring System

Farmers are becoming increasingly worried about protecting their cattle because animal health and well-being are essential. Furthermore, monitoring the state of animals on a daily basis is complicated because workers lack the time to examine animals and detect early signs of sickness, and environmental conditions have such an effect on cattle health. The proposed system consists of sensors and microcontroller, cloud, and an android application for maintaining the cattle shed environment, regulating livestock health, and environmental conditions. The sensors monitor and collect environmental parameters such as temperature, soil moisture, fire detection, rain level, and gas values. The ESP32 microcontroller is utilized, and the Esp32Sensor component provides access to the Esp32 board’s in- targeted sensors. To configure the ESP32, the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is utilized. The data is processed entirely in the ESP32 microcontroller using embedded C. The DHT11 sensor detects temperature using Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) and sends serial data to the ESP32 through the Data port. The ESP32 monitors the temperature, and, if the threshold is exceeded, the cooling fan connected via the relay is activated. The soil moisture sensor provides an analog output pin that emits voltage that is proportional to its moisture level. ESP32 activates a pump to irrigate the plants when the level is low. Raindrop Sensors are made up of two parts: a raindrop module that detects whether or not it is raining and a control board that processes data from the raindrop module by translating resistance into a voltage drop between the analog pin and ground. The MQ2 gas sensor detects methane. The MQ2 gas sensor generates output determined by a specified threshold through the potentiometer and the operating voltage of the microcontroller via LM393 dual comparator. Google Firebase, which aids in real- time tracking, is linked to the ESP32. The Firebase ESP Client library is used in the Arduino IDE. Google FireBase is coupled with the Android app. Using the mobile application, the farmer can access this data from anywhere and at any time. In the event of an anomaly, the farmer is notified via the end-user application