The More You Know: Energy Labelling Enables More Sustainable Cryptocurrency Investments

The energy consumption of popular cryptocurrencies varies greatly: cryptocurrencies based on proof-of-work (e.g. Bitcoin) consume much more electricity than their counterparts that use alternative consensus mechanisms, such as proof-of-stake (e.g. Ethereum). Nevertheless, proof-of-work cryptocurrencies dominate the market. We investigate whether energy labelling, i.e., displaying electricity consumption information on centralized exchanges, influences consumers’ product preferences. We conduct a control/treatment study: during this study, participants with an interest in cryptocurrencies (N = 200) are presented with a fictitious cryptocurrency exchange user interface. The treatment group is shown a user interface that displays energy labels, while the control group receives no information related to electricity consumption. Participants then declare how likely they are to acquire particular cryptocurrencies. We measure the treatment effect and find a significant negative correlation (p = 0.002) between being exposed to energy labels and expressing a strong preference for energy-inefficient cryptocurrencies. Based on this finding, we reflect on the sustainability issues of cryptocurrencies and discuss how energy labelling on centralized exchanges can be applied to nudge investors away from energy-inefficient cryptocurrencies. This indicates that regulators would be well advised to consider energy labelling to address the adverse climate impacts of cryptoassets.