Vehicle Classification in Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Deep Learning and Seismic Data

Intelligent transportation systems have become increasingly important for efficient traffic management and road safety. Vehicle classification is a fundamental task in these systems, enabling various applications such as traffic monitoring, congestion management, and accident prevention. Traditional methods for vehicle classification heavily rely on visual or sensor-based data, such as images or radar signals. However, these methods may encounter limitations in adverse weather conditions, poor lighting, or occlusion scenarios. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a novel approach for vehicle classification using seismic data, which captures the vibrations generated by vehicles and is less susceptible to environmental factors. The proposed approach leverages the fractional wavelet domain to extract both time and frequency signatures of vehicles from the seismic data effectively. These signatures are then used to train a recurrent neural network that captures the temporal features of the input, thereby facilitating vehicle classification. Additionally, the proposed approach incorporates various modules to improve the generalization and robustness of the deep model against noise. The implementation of the proposed approach on realistic data demonstrated its ability to classify vehicles with an accuracy of 98%, improving upon the state-of-the-art techniques.