BCS-CPP: A Blockchain and Collaborative Service-Based Conditional Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Internet of Vehicles

Vehicle data privacy is one of the major concerns for people on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, existing conditional privacy protection schemes have limitations and do not consider authentication and location privacy leakage. Traditional public key infrastructure and identity-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) protocols require the storage and management of extensive public key certificates and key escrow. Furthermore, the K-anonymity and cryptography-based IoV privacy-preserving schemes have high communication overhead and risks of leaking users' privacy. To address these issues, we propose an efficient and privacy-secure blockchain and collaborative service-based conditional privacy-preserving (BCS-CPP) scheme for IoV, which utilizes a smart contract-based CPPA method to overcome the limitations of public key certificate management and key escrow, facilitating an efficient and privacy-secure location-based service. The proposed BCS-CPP scheme enjoys minor computational and communication overhead. It maintains a constant communication overhead as users increase when they initiate a location-based service query. Moreover, it has higher collaborative efficiency. The security analyses and experiments demonstrate that it outperforms existing loV conditional privacy protection schemes in terms of efficiency and security.