A Survey on DNA-Based Cryptography and Steganography

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of different techniques for Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) -based cryptography and steganography. DNA-based cryptography is an emerging field that utilizes DNA molecules’ massive parallelism and vast storage capacity to encode and decode information. The field has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential advantages over traditional cryptographic methods, such as high storage capacity, low error rate, and resistance to environmental factors. In this paper, we review three types of DNA-based cryptography: natural DNA cryptography, pseudo-DNA cryptography, and DNA-based steganography. For each technique, we discuss its advantages and limitations, as well as future directions for research. Our goal is to contribute to a better understanding of the applications and limitations of using DNA for cryptographic purposes. We believe that our analysis will be useful for researchers working on developing new techniques for secure data transmission using DNA molecules.