BiP: Bit-Phase-Flip Error Mitigation in Quantum Communications

Quantum links are inherently noisy and quantum information bits (qubits) suffer upto 13% degradation in their entangled states within time-scale of 0.5 ms. Thus, mitigating errors becomes essential for reliable end-to-end data communication in a multi-hop quantum network. Compared to the typical operations performed within the contained environment of a single quantum computer, removal of both bit- and phase-flip errors in a distributed network of such computers is challenging due to the stochastic variations in the noise at each intermediate link. This paper describes a scheme that determines both the bit-and phase-flip errors (abbreviated as ‘BiP’) and mitigates them for distributed and networked quantum systems. To achieve this, we model the environment noise using general error models and obtain error calibration matrices in different computational bases for bit-phase-flip errors. Results reveal that BiP improves the fidelity beyond 95% for the received qubits compared to the state-of-the-art error mitigation method by correcting the elevation θ and azimuthal angles φin the Bloch sphere representation.